Abstract
Background: Epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is caused by recurrent translocations and/or mutations in chromatin regulators and transcription factors, resulting in myeloid differentiation blockade and leukemic stem cell renewal. Accordingly, about 70% of recurring mutations in AML patients target regulators of gene expression, underscoring the potential of epigenetic therapies to change the natural history of the disease.
Iadademstat (iada/ORY-1001) is a specific, oral, potent, covalent inhibitor of the epigenetic Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDMA1) enzyme. Preclinical models demonstrate that exposure to iada decreases leukemic stem cell survival and preclinical and clinical studies shows iada's effect on inducing macrophage/monocytic differentiation of blast cells. Furthermore, a Phase 2 ongoing study of iada in combination with azacitidine (ALICE) shows high complete remission (CR)/ CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) and durable responses in treatment naïve, unfit AML patients (pts) without exacerbating the toxicity profile of azacitidine (Salamero et al., Abstract P586 EHA 2022).
Despite improvements in AML therapy, relapses remain a common challenge, contributing to the death of more than 50% of pts, particularly in those subpopulations with higher risk genetics, the largest of which (up to 30-40% of AML pts) harbor mutations in the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene. Use of the FLT3 inhibitor (FLT3i) gilteritinib as monotherapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) pts has resulted in improved outcomes but the duration of remission achieved is transient and often brief. The Phase 3 randomized ADMIRAL trial of gilteritinib revealed a CR rate of 20%; and an event-free-survival (EFS) of 2.8 months (Perl, et al., NEJM 2019).
Preclinically, iada produces marked synergy with FLT3i, including gilteritinib, in FLT3 wild-type and mutated (FLT3 mut+) AML cells and in derived cell lines resistant to venetoclax, azacitidine and other FLT3is. The novel MOAs generating this synergy of the combination include activation of a pro-differentiative epigenetic and transcriptional program with simultaneous suppression of the activity of MYC target genes (Yashar, et al. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.17.476469).
The FRIDA clinical trial is designed to establish the safety, tolerability of the combination of iada plus gilteritinib and to identify the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) in FLT3 mut+ R/R AML specifically according to FDA's Project Optimus.
Methods: Adult pts with body weight ≥50 Kg and ECOG 0-2, with FLT3 mut+ R/R AML, after 1 or 2 prior lines of therapy, will be enrolled. Up to 18 pts, in a 3+3 escalation phase, will receive iada at doses of 75 to 150 ug, orally, in 5 days ON - 2 days OFF schedule, with continuous gilteritinib, at 120 mg/day orally. In the expansion phase, up to 14 pts at the selected safe and pharmacologically active dose/s (determined based on all available data from escalation pts including PK, target engagement (TE), safety, tolerability, and emerging activity) will be enrolled. TE will be assessed with a proprietary validated chemo-probe assay for LSD1 occupancy in PBMCs.
Primary endpoints of the study are safety and RP2D determination, based on the same 5 criteria outlined above. Bayesian posterior probability efficacy monitoring will be performed periodically for each dose cohort starting from the first 6 additional pts in the expansion phase (total of 12). Bayesian efficacy futility and early stopping boundary will be applied during the monitoring. Posterior probability criterion (Prob (θ>0.3) ≥ 0.60) at the end of the study will warrant additional development. The safety of the combination treatment will be also continuously evaluated during expansion following a Bayesian design stopping rule.
Secondary endpoints include overall survival, EFS, CR, CR/CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh), overall response rates, time to response, duration of response, and transfusion rate. Exploratory endpoints include measurable residual disease and gene mutational analysis.
Pts who achieve a response can undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
The study plans to have 15 sites enrolling in the US. Additional sites will be added for a subsequent randomized controlled double-blinded FRIDA 2 study to assess the efficacy of the iada and gilteritinib combination in R/R FLT3 mut+ AML.
Disclosures
Fathi:Mablytics: Consultancy; Foghorn: Consultancy; Forma: Consultancy; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Other: Clinical Trial Support; Abbvie/Servier: Consultancy, Other: Clinical Trial Support; Astellas: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Ipsen: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; Morphosys: Consultancy; Immunogen: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Orum: Consultancy; EnClear: Consultancy; PureTech: Consultancy; AbbVie, Agios, Bristol Myers Squibb, Servier, and Takeda: Research Funding; AbbVie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Blueprint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Foghorn Therapeutics, Forty Seven, Inc., Genentech, Ipsen, Kite Pharma, Kura Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MorphoSys, Novartis, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, Takeda, Trillium Therapeutics, and Trovagene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Arevalo:Oryzon Genomics: Current Employment. Gutierrez:Oryzon Genomics: Current Employment. Molero:Oryzon Genomics: Consultancy. Sacilotto:Oryzon Genomics: Current Employment. Limon:Oryzon Genomics: Consultancy, Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Deciphera: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Tango Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; BMS: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Faller:Phoenicia Biosciences: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Oryzon Genomics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Wuxi Inc: Consultancy; Briacell: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cytea: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company; Viracta: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Molecular Partners: Consultancy; Faller Williams LLC: Current equity holder in private company, Patents & Royalties; Takeda pharmaceuticals: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Ended employment in the past 24 months.
Author notes
Asterisk with author names denotes non-ASH members.
